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Word study · Greek

πνεῦμα

pneumaG4151

spirit/breath: spirit

Used 379 times in the tagged text.

G4151G · πνεῦμα · spirit/breath: spirit

What it means

  • of air in motion;
  • Of the vital principle, the spirit
  • spirit, i.e. frame of mind, disposition, influence
  • An incorporeal being, a spirit
  • Of the Holy Spirit, π. ἅγιον, τὸ ἅ. π., τὸ π. τὸ ἅ. τὸ π., π
Full dictionary entry (technical)
  • πνεῦμα, -τος, τό,
  • [in LXX chiefly and very frequently for רוּחַ ;]
  • 1. of air in motion;
  • (a) wind: Jhn.3:8; pl., Heb.1:7 (LXX);
  • (b) breath: π. ζωῆς, Rev.11:11; π. τοῦ στόματος, figuratively, 2Th.2:8 (cf. Ps 32 (33)6).
  • 2. Of the vital principle, the spirit (Arist., Polyb., al.): Luk.8:55, Jhn.19:30, Act.7:59, al.; opposite to σάρξ, Mat.26:41, Mrk.14:38, 1Co.5:5, al.; to σῶμα, Rom.8:10, 1Co.6:17 7:34, 1Pe.4:6; to ψυχή, Php.1:27, Heb.4:12; τὸ π. καὶ ἡ ψ. καὶ τ. σῶμα, 1Th.5:23 (M, Th., in l.); dative, τῷ π., in spirit, Mrk.2:8 8:12, Jhn.11:33 13:21, Act.18:25, Rom.12:11, 1Co.7:34, 1Pe.3:18, al.; of the human spirit of Christ, Rom.1:4, 1Ti.3:16.
  • 3. spirit, i.e. frame of mind, disposition, influence: Luk.1:17, Rom.8:15, 1Co.4:21, Gal 6:1, Eph.2:2, 2Ti.1:7, 1Jn.4:6, al.
  • 4. An incorporeal being, a spirit: Luk.24:37, 39 Act.23:8; π. ὁ θεός, God is spirit, Jhn.4:24; πατὴρ τῶν π., Heb.12:9; of disembodied human beings, Heb.12:23, 1Pe.3:19 (ICC, in l.; DB, iii, 795); of angels. Heb.1:14; of demons or evil spirits, Mat.8:16, Mrk.9:20, Luk.9:39, al.; π. πύθυωνα, Act.16:16; πνεύματα δαιμονίων, Rev.16:14; π. δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου, Luk.4:33; π. ἀσθενείας (Bl., §35, 5), Luk.13:11; π. ἀκάθαρτον, Mat.10:1, Mrk.1:23, Luk.4:36, Act.5:16; π. ἄλαλον (καὶ κωφόν), Mrk.9:17, 25; πονηρόν, Luk.7:21, Act.19:12, al.
  • 5. Of the Holy Spirit, π. ἅγιον, τὸ ἅ. π., τὸ π. τὸ ἅ. τὸ π., π. (the article as a rule being used when the Spirit is regarded as a Person or a Divine Power, and omitted when the reference is to an operation, influence or gift of the Spirit; see WM, 151:5; Bl., §46, 7): anarth., Mat.1:18 3:11, 16 4:1, Mrk.1:8 (Swete, in l.), ib.10, Luk.1:15, Jhn.7:39, Act.19:2, Rom.5:5, 1Co.2:4, al.; with art., Mat.4:1 12:31, 32 Mrk.1:10 3:29, Luk.2:26, Jhn.7:36 14:26, Act.4:31 5:3, Rom.8:16, al.; (τὸ) π. (τοῦ) θεοῦ, Mat.3:16, Rom.8:9, Eph.3:16, 1Jn.4:2, al.; τὸ π. τ. πατρός, Mat.10:20; π. θεοῦ ζῶντος, 2Co.3:3; (τὸ) π. τοῦ κυρίου, Luk.4:18, Act.5:9 8:39; τὸ π. Ἰησοῦ, Act.16:7; Χριστοῦ, Rom.8:9; Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, Php.1:19; τὸ π. τ. ἀληθείας, Jhn.15:26 16:13, 1Jn.4:6; λείγει (μαρτυρεῖ) τὸ π. (τὸ ἅγιον), Act.21:11 28:25, 1Ti.4:1, Heb.3:7 10:15, Rev.14:13; before τ. ἐκκλησίαις, Rev.2:7, 11 17, 29, 3:6, 12, 22; ἐν τ. π., Luk.2:27; κατὰ πνεῦμα, Rom.8:4, 5; ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ π., Jhn.3:5, διὰ πνεύματος αἰωνίου, Heb.9:14; ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος, 2Th.2:13, 1Pe.1:2; ἓν π., 1Co.12:13, Eph.2:18 4:4; ὁ δὲ κύριος τὸ π. ἐστιν, 2Co.3:17; of that which is effected or governed by the Spirit, opposite to γράμμα, Rom.2:29 7:6, 2Co.3:6.
  • SYN.: νοῦς, which in NT is contrasted with π. as "the action of the understanding in man with that of the spiritual or ecstatic impulse" (DB, iv, 612); ψυχή — the usual term in cl. psychology—in NT, "expresses man as apart from God, a separate individual, π. expresses man as drawing his life from God" (DB, 1-vol., 872). (AS)

G4151H · πνεῦμα · spirit/breath: breath

What it means

  • of air in motion;
  • Of the vital principle, the spirit
  • spirit, i.e. frame of mind, disposition, influence
  • An incorporeal being, a spirit
  • Of the Holy Spirit, π. ἅγιον, τὸ ἅ. π., τὸ π. τὸ ἅ. τὸ π., π
Full dictionary entry (technical)
  • πνεῦμα, -τος, τό,
  • [in LXX chiefly and very frequently for רוּחַ ;]
  • 1. of air in motion;
  • (a) wind: Jhn.3:8; pl., Heb.1:7 (LXX);
  • (b) breath: π. ζωῆς, Rev.11:11; π. τοῦ στόματος, figuratively, 2Th.2:8 (cf. Ps 32 (33)6).
  • 2. Of the vital principle, the spirit (Arist., Polyb., al.): Luk.8:55, Jhn.19:30, Act.7:59, al.; opposite to σάρξ, Mat.26:41, Mrk.14:38, 1Co.5:5, al.; to σῶμα, Rom.8:10, 1Co.6:17 7:34, 1Pe.4:6; to ψυχή, Php.1:27, Heb.4:12; τὸ π. καὶ ἡ ψ. καὶ τ. σῶμα, 1Th.5:23 (M, Th., in l.); dative, τῷ π., in spirit, Mrk.2:8 8:12, Jhn.11:33 13:21, Act.18:25, Rom.12:11, 1Co.7:34, 1Pe.3:18, al.; of the human spirit of Christ, Rom.1:4, 1Ti.3:16.
  • 3. spirit, i.e. frame of mind, disposition, influence: Luk.1:17, Rom.8:15, 1Co.4:21, Gal 6:1, Eph.2:2, 2Ti.1:7, 1Jn.4:6, al.
  • 4. An incorporeal being, a spirit: Luk.24:37, 39 Act.23:8; π. ὁ θεός, God is spirit, Jhn.4:24; πατὴρ τῶν π., Heb.12:9; of disembodied human beings, Heb.12:23, 1Pe.3:19 (ICC, in l.; DB, iii, 795); of angels. Heb.1:14; of demons or evil spirits, Mat.8:16, Mrk.9:20, Luk.9:39, al.; π. πύθυωνα, Act.16:16; πνεύματα δαιμονίων, Rev.16:14; π. δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου, Luk.4:33; π. ἀσθενείας (Bl., §35, 5), Luk.13:11; π. ἀκάθαρτον, Mat.10:1, Mrk.1:23, Luk.4:36, Act.5:16; π. ἄλαλον (καὶ κωφόν), Mrk.9:17, 25; πονηρόν, Luk.7:21, Act.19:12, al.
  • 5. Of the Holy Spirit, π. ἅγιον, τὸ ἅ. π., τὸ π. τὸ ἅ. τὸ π., π. (the article as a rule being used when the Spirit is regarded as a Person or a Divine Power, and omitted when the reference is to an operation, influence or gift of the Spirit; see WM, 151:5; Bl., §46, 7): anarth., Mat.1:18 3:11, 16 4:1, Mrk.1:8 (Swete, in l.), ib.10, Luk.1:15, Jhn.7:39, Act.19:2, Rom.5:5, 1Co.2:4, al.; with art., Mat.4:1 12:31, 32 Mrk.1:10 3:29, Luk.2:26, Jhn.7:36 14:26, Act.4:31 5:3, Rom.8:16, al.; (τὸ) π. (τοῦ) θεοῦ, Mat.3:16, Rom.8:9, Eph.3:16, 1Jn.4:2, al.; τὸ π. τ. πατρός, Mat.10:20; π. θεοῦ ζῶντος, 2Co.3:3; (τὸ) π. τοῦ κυρίου, Luk.4:18, Act.5:9 8:39; τὸ π. Ἰησοῦ, Act.16:7; Χριστοῦ, Rom.8:9; Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, Php.1:19; τὸ π. τ. ἀληθείας, Jhn.15:26 16:13, 1Jn.4:6; λείγει (μαρτυρεῖ) τὸ π. (τὸ ἅγιον), Act.21:11 28:25, 1Ti.4:1, Heb.3:7 10:15, Rev.14:13; before τ. ἐκκλησίαις, Rev.2:7, 11 17, 29, 3:6, 12, 22; ἐν τ. π., Luk.2:27; κατὰ πνεῦμα, Rom.8:4, 5; ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ π., Jhn.3:5, διὰ πνεύματος αἰωνίου, Heb.9:14; ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος, 2Th.2:13, 1Pe.1:2; ἓν π., 1Co.12:13, Eph.2:18 4:4; ὁ δὲ κύριος τὸ π. ἐστιν, 2Co.3:17; of that which is effected or governed by the Spirit, opposite to γράμμα, Rom.2:29 7:6, 2Co.3:6.
  • SYN.: νοῦς, which in NT is contrasted with π. as "the action of the understanding in man with that of the spiritual or ecstatic impulse" (DB, iv, 612); ψυχή — the usual term in cl. psychology—in NT, "expresses man as apart from God, a separate individual, π. expresses man as drawing his life from God" (DB, 1-vol., 872). (AS)

Same idea, other words · Spirit, breath and soul

In both languages the word for spirit also means breath or wind, and the word for soul can mean life itself. Translators have to choose; readers should know there is a choice.

Where it appears

  • Matthew19
  • Mark23
  • Luke36
  • John24
  • Acts70
  • Romans34
  • 1 Corinthians40
  • 2 Corinthians17
  • Galatians18
  • Ephesians14
  • Philippians5
  • Colossians2
  • 1 Thessalonians5
  • 2 Thessalonians3
  • 1 Timothy3
  • 2 Timothy3
  • Titus1
  • Philemon1
  • Hebrews12
  • James2
  • 1 Peter8
  • 2 Peter1
  • 1 John12
  • Jude2
  • Revelation24

Every use · 301–350 of 379 · BSB

  1. Colossians 1:8πνεύματι.¶[the] Spirit.

    and who also informed us of your love in the Spirit.

  2. Colossians 2:5πνεύματιin spirit

    For although I am absent from you in body, I am present with you in spirit, and I delight to see your orderly condition and firm faith in Christ.

  3. 1 Thessalonians 1:5πνεύματι[the] Spirit

    because our gospel came to you not only in word, but also in power, in the Holy Spirit, and with great conviction—just as you know we lived among you for your sake.

  4. 1 Thessalonians 1:6πνεύματοςof [the] Spirit

    And you became imitators of us and of the Lord when you welcomed the message with the joy of the Holy Spirit, in spite of your great suffering.

  5. 1 Thessalonians 4:8πνεῦμαSpirit

    Anyone, then, who rejects this command does not reject man but God, the very One who gives you His Holy Spirit.

  6. 1 Thessalonians 5:19πνεῦμαSpirit

    Do not extinguish the Spirit.

  7. 1 Thessalonians 5:23πνεῦμαspirit

    Now may the God of peace Himself sanctify you completely, and may your entire spirit, soul, and body be kept blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ.

  8. 2 Thessalonians 2:2πνεύματοςspirit

    not to be easily disconcerted or alarmed by any spirit or message or letter seeming to be from us, alleging that the Day of the Lord has already come.

  9. 2 Thessalonians 2:8πνεύματιbreath

    And then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord Jesus will slay with the breath of His mouth and annihilate by the majesty of His arrival.

  10. 2 Thessalonians 2:13πνεύματοςof [the] Spirit

    But we should always thank God for you, brothers who are loved by the Lord, because God has chosen you from the beginning to be saved by the sanctification of the Spirit and by faith in the truth.

  11. 1 Timothy 3:16πνεύματι,[the] Spirit,

    By common confession, the mystery of godliness is great: He appeared in the flesh, was vindicated by the Spirit, was seen by angels, was proclaimed among the nations, was believed in throughout the world, was taken up in glory.

  12. 1 Timothy 4:1πνεῦμαthe Spirit

    Now the Spirit expressly states that in later times some will abandon the faith to follow deceitful spirits and the teachings of demons,

  13. 1 Timothy 4:1πνεύμασινto spirits

    Now the Spirit expressly states that in later times some will abandon the faith to follow deceitful spirits and the teachings of demons,

  14. 2 Timothy 1:7πνεῦμαa spirit

    For God has not given us a spirit of fear, but of power, love, and self-control.

  15. 2 Timothy 1:14πνεύματος[the] Spirit

    Guard the treasure entrusted to you, with the help of the Holy Spirit who dwells in us.

  16. 2 Timothy 4:22πνεύματόςspirit

    The Lord be with your spirit. Grace be with you all.

  17. Titus 3:5πνεύματοςof [the] Spirit

    He saved us, not by the righteous deeds we had done, but according to His mercy, through the washing of new birth and renewal by the Holy Spirit.

  18. Philemon 1:25πνεύματοςspirit

    The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.

  19. Hebrews 1:7πνεύματαwinds

    Now about the angels He says: “He makes His angels winds, His servants flames of fire.”

  20. Hebrews 1:14πνεύματαspirits

    Are not the angels ministering spirits sent to serve those who will inherit salvation?

  21. Hebrews 2:4πνεύματοςof [the] Spirit

    and was affirmed by God through signs, wonders, various miracles, and gifts of the Holy Spirit distributed according to His will.

  22. Hebrews 3:7πνεῦμαSpirit

    Therefore, as the Holy Spirit says: “Today, if you hear His voice,

  23. Hebrews 4:12πνεύματος,spirit,

    For the word of God is living and active. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it pierces even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow. It judges the thoughts and intentions of the heart.

  24. Hebrews 6:4πνεύματοςof [the] Spirit

    It is impossible for those who have once been enlightened, who have tasted the heavenly gift, who have shared in the Holy Spirit,

  25. Hebrews 9:8πνεύματοςSpirit

    By this arrangement the Holy Spirit was showing that the way into the Most Holy Place had not yet been disclosed as long as the first tabernacle was still standing.

  26. Hebrews 9:14πνεύματος[the] Spirit

    how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself unblemished to God, purify our consciences from works of death, so that we may serve the living God!

  27. Hebrews 10:15πνεῦμαSpirit

    The Holy Spirit also testifies to us about this. First He says:

  28. Hebrews 10:29πνεῦμαSpirit

    How much more severely do you think one deserves to be punished who has trampled on the Son of God, profaned the blood of the covenant that sanctified him, and insulted the Spirit of grace?

  29. Hebrews 12:9πνευμάτωνof spirits

    Furthermore, we have all had earthly fathers who disciplined us, and we respected them. Should we not much more submit to the Father of our spirits and live?

  30. Hebrews 12:23πνεύμασινto [the] spirits

    in joyful assembly, to the congregation of the firstborn, enrolled in heaven. You have come to God the Judge of all, to the spirits of the righteous made perfect,

  31. James 2:26πνεύματοςspirit

    As the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without deeds is dead.

  32. James 4:5πνεῦμαSpirit

    Or do you think the Scripture says without reason that the Spirit He caused to dwell in us yearns with envy?

  33. 1 Peter 1:2πνεύματοςof [the] Spirit

    according to the foreknowledge of God the Father and sanctified by the Spirit for obedience to Jesus Christ and sprinkling by His blood: Grace and peace be yours in abundance.

  34. 1 Peter 1:11πνεῦμαSpirit

    trying to determine the time and setting to which the Spirit of Christ in them was pointing when He predicted the sufferings of Christ and the glories to follow.

  35. 1 Peter 1:12πνεύματι[the] Spirit

    It was revealed to them that they were not serving themselves, but you, when they foretold the things now announced by those who preached the gospel to you by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven. Even angels long to look into these things.

  36. 1 Peter 3:4πνεύματος,spirit,

    but from the inner disposition of your heart, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is precious in God’s sight.

  37. 1 Peter 3:18πνεύματι,spirit,

    For Christ also suffered for sins once for all, the righteous for the unrighteous, to bring you to God. He was put to death in the body but made alive in the Spirit,

  38. 1 Peter 3:19πνεύμασινspirits

    in whom He also went and preached to the spirits in prison

  39. 1 Peter 4:6πνεύματι.¶in [the] spirit.

    That is why the gospel was preached even to those who are now dead, so that they might be judged as men in the flesh, but live according to God in the spirit.

  40. 1 Peter 4:14πνεῦμα[the] Spirit

    If you are insulted for the name of Christ, you are blessed, because the Spirit of glory and of God rests on you.

  41. 2 Peter 1:21πνεύματος[the] Spirit

    For no such prophecy was ever brought forth by the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit.

  42. 1 John 3:24πνεύματοςSpirit

    Whoever keeps His commandments remains in God, and God in him. And by this we know that He remains in us: by the Spirit He has given us.

  43. 1 John 4:1πνεύματιspirit

    Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God. For many false prophets have gone out into the world.

  44. 1 John 4:1πνεύματαspirits

    Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God. For many false prophets have gone out into the world.

  45. 1 John 4:2πνεῦμαSpirit

    By this you will know the Spirit of God: Every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God,

  46. 1 John 4:2πνεῦμαspirit

    By this you will know the Spirit of God: Every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God,

  47. 1 John 4:3πνεῦμαspirit

    and every spirit that does not confess Jesus is not from God. This is the spirit of the antichrist, which you have heard is coming and which is already in the world at this time.

  48. 1 John 4:6πνεῦμαSpirit

    We are from God. Whoever knows God listens to us; whoever is not from God does not listen to us. That is how we know the Spirit of truth and the spirit of deception.

  49. 1 John 4:6πνεῦμαspirit

    We are from God. Whoever knows God listens to us; whoever is not from God does not listen to us. That is how we know the Spirit of truth and the spirit of deception.

  50. 1 John 4:13πνεύματοςSpirit

    By this we know that we remain in Him, and He in us: He has given us of His Spirit.

Text, tags and lexicon: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House), CC BY 4.0.