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Word study · Greek

πνεῦμα

pneumaG4151

spirit/breath: spirit

Used 379 times in the tagged text.

G4151G · πνεῦμα · spirit/breath: spirit

What it means

  • of air in motion;
  • Of the vital principle, the spirit
  • spirit, i.e. frame of mind, disposition, influence
  • An incorporeal being, a spirit
  • Of the Holy Spirit, π. ἅγιον, τὸ ἅ. π., τὸ π. τὸ ἅ. τὸ π., π
Full dictionary entry (technical)
  • πνεῦμα, -τος, τό,
  • [in LXX chiefly and very frequently for רוּחַ ;]
  • 1. of air in motion;
  • (a) wind: Jhn.3:8; pl., Heb.1:7 (LXX);
  • (b) breath: π. ζωῆς, Rev.11:11; π. τοῦ στόματος, figuratively, 2Th.2:8 (cf. Ps 32 (33)6).
  • 2. Of the vital principle, the spirit (Arist., Polyb., al.): Luk.8:55, Jhn.19:30, Act.7:59, al.; opposite to σάρξ, Mat.26:41, Mrk.14:38, 1Co.5:5, al.; to σῶμα, Rom.8:10, 1Co.6:17 7:34, 1Pe.4:6; to ψυχή, Php.1:27, Heb.4:12; τὸ π. καὶ ἡ ψ. καὶ τ. σῶμα, 1Th.5:23 (M, Th., in l.); dative, τῷ π., in spirit, Mrk.2:8 8:12, Jhn.11:33 13:21, Act.18:25, Rom.12:11, 1Co.7:34, 1Pe.3:18, al.; of the human spirit of Christ, Rom.1:4, 1Ti.3:16.
  • 3. spirit, i.e. frame of mind, disposition, influence: Luk.1:17, Rom.8:15, 1Co.4:21, Gal 6:1, Eph.2:2, 2Ti.1:7, 1Jn.4:6, al.
  • 4. An incorporeal being, a spirit: Luk.24:37, 39 Act.23:8; π. ὁ θεός, God is spirit, Jhn.4:24; πατὴρ τῶν π., Heb.12:9; of disembodied human beings, Heb.12:23, 1Pe.3:19 (ICC, in l.; DB, iii, 795); of angels. Heb.1:14; of demons or evil spirits, Mat.8:16, Mrk.9:20, Luk.9:39, al.; π. πύθυωνα, Act.16:16; πνεύματα δαιμονίων, Rev.16:14; π. δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου, Luk.4:33; π. ἀσθενείας (Bl., §35, 5), Luk.13:11; π. ἀκάθαρτον, Mat.10:1, Mrk.1:23, Luk.4:36, Act.5:16; π. ἄλαλον (καὶ κωφόν), Mrk.9:17, 25; πονηρόν, Luk.7:21, Act.19:12, al.
  • 5. Of the Holy Spirit, π. ἅγιον, τὸ ἅ. π., τὸ π. τὸ ἅ. τὸ π., π. (the article as a rule being used when the Spirit is regarded as a Person or a Divine Power, and omitted when the reference is to an operation, influence or gift of the Spirit; see WM, 151:5; Bl., §46, 7): anarth., Mat.1:18 3:11, 16 4:1, Mrk.1:8 (Swete, in l.), ib.10, Luk.1:15, Jhn.7:39, Act.19:2, Rom.5:5, 1Co.2:4, al.; with art., Mat.4:1 12:31, 32 Mrk.1:10 3:29, Luk.2:26, Jhn.7:36 14:26, Act.4:31 5:3, Rom.8:16, al.; (τὸ) π. (τοῦ) θεοῦ, Mat.3:16, Rom.8:9, Eph.3:16, 1Jn.4:2, al.; τὸ π. τ. πατρός, Mat.10:20; π. θεοῦ ζῶντος, 2Co.3:3; (τὸ) π. τοῦ κυρίου, Luk.4:18, Act.5:9 8:39; τὸ π. Ἰησοῦ, Act.16:7; Χριστοῦ, Rom.8:9; Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, Php.1:19; τὸ π. τ. ἀληθείας, Jhn.15:26 16:13, 1Jn.4:6; λείγει (μαρτυρεῖ) τὸ π. (τὸ ἅγιον), Act.21:11 28:25, 1Ti.4:1, Heb.3:7 10:15, Rev.14:13; before τ. ἐκκλησίαις, Rev.2:7, 11 17, 29, 3:6, 12, 22; ἐν τ. π., Luk.2:27; κατὰ πνεῦμα, Rom.8:4, 5; ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ π., Jhn.3:5, διὰ πνεύματος αἰωνίου, Heb.9:14; ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος, 2Th.2:13, 1Pe.1:2; ἓν π., 1Co.12:13, Eph.2:18 4:4; ὁ δὲ κύριος τὸ π. ἐστιν, 2Co.3:17; of that which is effected or governed by the Spirit, opposite to γράμμα, Rom.2:29 7:6, 2Co.3:6.
  • SYN.: νοῦς, which in NT is contrasted with π. as "the action of the understanding in man with that of the spiritual or ecstatic impulse" (DB, iv, 612); ψυχή — the usual term in cl. psychology—in NT, "expresses man as apart from God, a separate individual, π. expresses man as drawing his life from God" (DB, 1-vol., 872). (AS)

G4151H · πνεῦμα · spirit/breath: breath

What it means

  • of air in motion;
  • Of the vital principle, the spirit
  • spirit, i.e. frame of mind, disposition, influence
  • An incorporeal being, a spirit
  • Of the Holy Spirit, π. ἅγιον, τὸ ἅ. π., τὸ π. τὸ ἅ. τὸ π., π
Full dictionary entry (technical)
  • πνεῦμα, -τος, τό,
  • [in LXX chiefly and very frequently for רוּחַ ;]
  • 1. of air in motion;
  • (a) wind: Jhn.3:8; pl., Heb.1:7 (LXX);
  • (b) breath: π. ζωῆς, Rev.11:11; π. τοῦ στόματος, figuratively, 2Th.2:8 (cf. Ps 32 (33)6).
  • 2. Of the vital principle, the spirit (Arist., Polyb., al.): Luk.8:55, Jhn.19:30, Act.7:59, al.; opposite to σάρξ, Mat.26:41, Mrk.14:38, 1Co.5:5, al.; to σῶμα, Rom.8:10, 1Co.6:17 7:34, 1Pe.4:6; to ψυχή, Php.1:27, Heb.4:12; τὸ π. καὶ ἡ ψ. καὶ τ. σῶμα, 1Th.5:23 (M, Th., in l.); dative, τῷ π., in spirit, Mrk.2:8 8:12, Jhn.11:33 13:21, Act.18:25, Rom.12:11, 1Co.7:34, 1Pe.3:18, al.; of the human spirit of Christ, Rom.1:4, 1Ti.3:16.
  • 3. spirit, i.e. frame of mind, disposition, influence: Luk.1:17, Rom.8:15, 1Co.4:21, Gal 6:1, Eph.2:2, 2Ti.1:7, 1Jn.4:6, al.
  • 4. An incorporeal being, a spirit: Luk.24:37, 39 Act.23:8; π. ὁ θεός, God is spirit, Jhn.4:24; πατὴρ τῶν π., Heb.12:9; of disembodied human beings, Heb.12:23, 1Pe.3:19 (ICC, in l.; DB, iii, 795); of angels. Heb.1:14; of demons or evil spirits, Mat.8:16, Mrk.9:20, Luk.9:39, al.; π. πύθυωνα, Act.16:16; πνεύματα δαιμονίων, Rev.16:14; π. δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου, Luk.4:33; π. ἀσθενείας (Bl., §35, 5), Luk.13:11; π. ἀκάθαρτον, Mat.10:1, Mrk.1:23, Luk.4:36, Act.5:16; π. ἄλαλον (καὶ κωφόν), Mrk.9:17, 25; πονηρόν, Luk.7:21, Act.19:12, al.
  • 5. Of the Holy Spirit, π. ἅγιον, τὸ ἅ. π., τὸ π. τὸ ἅ. τὸ π., π. (the article as a rule being used when the Spirit is regarded as a Person or a Divine Power, and omitted when the reference is to an operation, influence or gift of the Spirit; see WM, 151:5; Bl., §46, 7): anarth., Mat.1:18 3:11, 16 4:1, Mrk.1:8 (Swete, in l.), ib.10, Luk.1:15, Jhn.7:39, Act.19:2, Rom.5:5, 1Co.2:4, al.; with art., Mat.4:1 12:31, 32 Mrk.1:10 3:29, Luk.2:26, Jhn.7:36 14:26, Act.4:31 5:3, Rom.8:16, al.; (τὸ) π. (τοῦ) θεοῦ, Mat.3:16, Rom.8:9, Eph.3:16, 1Jn.4:2, al.; τὸ π. τ. πατρός, Mat.10:20; π. θεοῦ ζῶντος, 2Co.3:3; (τὸ) π. τοῦ κυρίου, Luk.4:18, Act.5:9 8:39; τὸ π. Ἰησοῦ, Act.16:7; Χριστοῦ, Rom.8:9; Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, Php.1:19; τὸ π. τ. ἀληθείας, Jhn.15:26 16:13, 1Jn.4:6; λείγει (μαρτυρεῖ) τὸ π. (τὸ ἅγιον), Act.21:11 28:25, 1Ti.4:1, Heb.3:7 10:15, Rev.14:13; before τ. ἐκκλησίαις, Rev.2:7, 11 17, 29, 3:6, 12, 22; ἐν τ. π., Luk.2:27; κατὰ πνεῦμα, Rom.8:4, 5; ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ π., Jhn.3:5, διὰ πνεύματος αἰωνίου, Heb.9:14; ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος, 2Th.2:13, 1Pe.1:2; ἓν π., 1Co.12:13, Eph.2:18 4:4; ὁ δὲ κύριος τὸ π. ἐστιν, 2Co.3:17; of that which is effected or governed by the Spirit, opposite to γράμμα, Rom.2:29 7:6, 2Co.3:6.
  • SYN.: νοῦς, which in NT is contrasted with π. as "the action of the understanding in man with that of the spiritual or ecstatic impulse" (DB, iv, 612); ψυχή — the usual term in cl. psychology—in NT, "expresses man as apart from God, a separate individual, π. expresses man as drawing his life from God" (DB, 1-vol., 872). (AS)

Same idea, other words · Spirit, breath and soul

In both languages the word for spirit also means breath or wind, and the word for soul can mean life itself. Translators have to choose; readers should know there is a choice.

Where it appears

  • Matthew19
  • Mark23
  • Luke36
  • John24
  • Acts70
  • Romans34
  • 1 Corinthians40
  • 2 Corinthians17
  • Galatians18
  • Ephesians14
  • Philippians5
  • Colossians2
  • 1 Thessalonians5
  • 2 Thessalonians3
  • 1 Timothy3
  • 2 Timothy3
  • Titus1
  • Philemon1
  • Hebrews12
  • James2
  • 1 Peter8
  • 2 Peter1
  • 1 John12
  • Jude2
  • Revelation24

Every use · 101–150 of 379 · BSB

  1. John 19:30πνεῦμα.¶spirit.

    When Jesus had received the sour wine, He said, “It is finished.” And bowing His head, He yielded up His spirit.

  2. John 20:22πνεῦμα[the] Spirit

    When He had said this, He breathed on them and said, “Receive the Holy Spirit.

  3. Acts 1:2πνεύματος[the] Spirit

    until the day He was taken up to heaven, after giving instructions through the Holy Spirit to the apostles He had chosen.

  4. Acts 1:5πνεύματι[the] Spirit

    For John baptized with water, but in a few days you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.”

  5. Acts 1:8πνεύματοςSpirit

    But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes upon you, and you will be My witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.”

  6. Acts 1:16πνεῦμαSpirit

    “Brothers, the Scripture had to be fulfilled which the Holy Spirit foretold through the mouth of David concerning Judas, who became a guide for those who arrested Jesus.

  7. Acts 2:4πνεύματοςSpirit

    And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled them.

  8. Acts 2:4πνεῦμαSpirit

    And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled them.

  9. Acts 2:17πνεύματόςSpirit

    ‘In the last days, God says, I will pour out My Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your young men will see visions, your old men will dream dreams.

  10. Acts 2:18πνεύματόςSpirit

    Even on My menservants and maidservants I will pour out My Spirit in those days, and they will prophesy.

  11. Acts 2:33πνεύματοςSpirit

    Exalted, then, to the right hand of God, He has received from the Father the promised Holy Spirit and has poured out what you now see and hear.

  12. Acts 2:38πνεύματος·Spirit;

    Peter replied, “Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.

  13. Acts 4:8πνεύματοςwith [the] Spirit

    Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said to them, “Rulers and elders of the people!

  14. Acts 4:25πνεύματος[the] Spirit

    You spoke by the Holy Spirit through the mouth of Your servant, our father David: ‘Why do the nations rage and the peoples plot in vain?

  15. Acts 4:31πνεύματοςSpirit

    After they had prayed, their meeting place was shaken, and they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and spoke the word of God boldly.

  16. Acts 5:3πνεῦμαSpirit

    Then Peter said, “Ananias, how is it that Satan has filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit and withhold some of the proceeds from the land?

  17. Acts 5:9πνεῦμαSpirit

    “How could you agree to test the Spirit of the Lord?” Peter replied. “Look, the feet of the men who buried your husband are at the door, and they will carry you out also.”

  18. Acts 5:16πνευμάτωνspirits

    Crowds also gathered from the towns around Jerusalem, bringing the sick and those tormented by unclean spirits, and all of them were healed.

  19. Acts 5:32πνεῦμαSpirit

    We are witnesses of these things, and so is the Holy Spirit, whom God has given to those who obey Him.”

  20. Acts 6:3πνεύματοςof [the] Spirit

    Therefore, brothers, select from among you seven men confirmed to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will appoint this responsibility to them

  21. Acts 6:5πνεύματος[of the] Spirit

    This proposal pleased the whole group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit, as well as Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism.

  22. Acts 6:10πνεύματιSpirit

    but they could not stand up to his wisdom or the Spirit by whom he spoke.

  23. Acts 7:51πνεύματιSpirit

    You stiff-necked people with uncircumcised hearts and ears! You always resist the Holy Spirit, just as your fathers did.

  24. Acts 7:55πνεύματοςof [the] Spirit

    But Stephen, full of the Holy Spirit, looked intently into heaven and saw the glory of God and Jesus standing at the right hand of God.

  25. Acts 7:59πνεῦμάspirit

    While they were stoning him, Stephen appealed, “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.”

  26. Acts 8:7πνεύματαspirits

    With loud shrieks, unclean spirits came out of many who were possessed, and many of the paralyzed and lame were healed.

  27. Acts 8:15πνεῦμαSpirit

    On their arrival, they prayed for them to receive the Holy Spirit.

  28. Acts 8:17πνεῦμα[the] Spirit

    Then Peter and John laid their hands on them, and they received the Holy Spirit.

  29. Acts 8:18πνεῦμαSpirit

    When Simon saw that the Spirit was given through the laying on of the apostles’ hands, he offered them money.

  30. Acts 8:19πνεῦμα[the] Spirit

    “Give me this power as well,” he said, “so that everyone on whom I lay my hands may receive the Holy Spirit.”

  31. Acts 8:29πνεῦμαSpirit

    The Spirit said to Philip, “Go over to that chariot and stay by it.”

  32. Acts 8:39πνεῦμα[the] Spirit

    When they came up out of the water, the Spirit of the Lord carried Philip away, and the eunuch saw him no more, but went on his way rejoicing.

  33. Acts 9:17πνεύματος[of the] Spirit

    So Ananias went to the house, and when he arrived, he placed his hands on Saul. “Brother Saul,” he said, “the Lord Jesus, who appeared to you on the road as you were coming here, has sent me so that you may see again and be filled with the Holy Spirit.”

  34. Acts 9:31πνεύματοςSpirit

    Then the church throughout Judea, Galilee, and Samaria experienced a time of peace. It grew in strength and numbers, living in the fear of the Lord and the encouragement of the Holy Spirit.

  35. Acts 10:19πνεῦμα·Spirit:

    As Peter continued to reflect on the vision, the Spirit said to him, “Behold, three men are looking for you.

  36. Acts 10:38πνεύματιSpirit

    how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power, and how Jesus went around doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, because God was with Him.

  37. Acts 10:44πνεῦμαSpirit

    While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell upon all who heard his message.

  38. Acts 10:45πνεύματοςSpirit

    All the circumcised believers who had accompanied Peter were astounded that the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out even on the Gentiles.

  39. Acts 10:47πνεῦμαSpirit

    “Can anyone withhold the water to baptize these people? They have received the Holy Spirit just as we have!”

  40. Acts 11:12πνεῦμάSpirit

    The Spirit told me to accompany them without hesitation. These six brothers also went with me, and we entered the man’s home.

  41. Acts 11:15πνεῦμαSpirit

    As I began to speak, the Holy Spirit fell upon them, just as He had fallen upon us at the beginning.

  42. Acts 11:16πνεύματιSpirit

    Then I remembered the word of the Lord, as He used to say, ‘John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.’

  43. Acts 11:24πνεύματοςof [the] Spirit

    Barnabas was a good man, full of the Holy Spirit and faith, and a great number of people were brought to the Lord.

  44. Acts 11:28πνεύματοςSpirit [that]

    One of them named Agabus stood up and predicted through the Spirit that a great famine would sweep across the whole world. (This happened under Claudius.)

  45. Acts 13:2πνεῦμαSpirit

    While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, “Set apart for Me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.”

  46. Acts 13:4πνεύματοςSpirit

    So Barnabas and Saul, sent forth by the Holy Spirit, went down to Seleucia and sailed from there to Cyprus.

  47. Acts 13:9πνεύματος[the] Spirit

    Then Saul, who was also called Paul, filled with the Holy Spirit, looked directly at Elymas

  48. Acts 13:52πνεύματοςSpirit

    And the disciples were filled with joy and with the Holy Spirit.

  49. Acts 15:8πνεῦμαSpirit

    And God, who knows the heart, showed His approval by giving the Holy Spirit to them, just as He did to us.

  50. Acts 15:28πνεύματιSpirit

    It seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us not to burden you with anything beyond these essential requirements:

Text, tags and lexicon: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House), CC BY 4.0.