Topics · Apologetics
Apologetics
Why this matters for following Jesus
Peter tells believers to be ready to give a reason for the hope they have, "with gentleness and respect", and Paul reasoned with people in synagogues, markets and courts. A disciple will meet honest questions about suffering, science, the reliability of the Gospels and the resurrection, and a loving, humble answer is part of telling others about Jesus.
Study path
- 1What apologetics is, and is notWitness
How do I answer with gentleness and respect, and what are the limits of argument?
- 2Paul at AthensWitness
How do I speak to people who do not share my starting point?
- 3The hardest questions: suffering, science, other religionsWitnessFollow
How do I stay honest and kind with questions I cannot fully answer?
- 4Living as an answerFollowWitness
How do testimony and hospitality fit with argument?
Living it out
Write down the one question about faith you find hardest, read an honest answer from two sides, and then share your hope with one person in a gentle way.
Telling others
Listen first, ask permission, give the reason for your hope and your testimony, and say "I don't know" when you do not.
Read for yourself
Classic writing on this topic, free to read. Older English can read differently from today’s, and each author writes from his own tradition, so read widely and test everything against Scripture.
- Tertullian: On Prayer (ANF vol. 3); On Fasting (ANF vol. 4); Apology, incl. ch. 23 (ANF vol. 3) ↗
c. 3rd century (text); c. 197 (Apology); 1885 (edition)
- Justin Martyr: First Apology (incl. ch. 67, weekly worship); Second Apology ↗
c. 150-160 (text); 1885 (edition)
- Augustine: Confessions (Book IX; Book X ch. 33 on music) ↗
5th century (text); 1838 (Pusey); 1886 (NPNF1-01)
- Charles Hodge: Systematic Theology (IA scan of the full work; vol. I and vol. 2 on CCEL); A Commentary on the Epistle to the Ephesians ↗
1871-73; 1856
- Origen: Against Celsus ↗
c. 248 (text); 1885 (edition)
- Augustine: City of God Books XX and XXI ↗
413-426 (text)
- Blaise Pascal: The Thoughts of Blaise Pascal ↗
19th-century translation (year not on page)
- David Hume: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding; Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion ↗
1748; 1779
- Joseph Butler: The Analogy of Religion to the Constitution and Course of Nature ↗
1736 (original); 1873 (Malcom ed.)
- William Paley: A View of the Evidences of Christianity ↗
1794
- John Henry Newman: An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent ↗
1870
- G. K. Chesterton: Orthodoxy; Heretics; The Everlasting Man ↗
1908; 1905; 1925
Viewpoints from different traditions and profiles of the leading teachers on this topic are added after scholars review them. Suggest a topic or a correction.