Forgiveness, atonement and reconciliation
The Old Testament pictures forgiveness as lifting or covering sin and atonement as a covering made by sacrifice. The New Testament adds release and reconciliation, and names Christ as the place where propitiation happens.
- סָלַחsalach to forgiveto forgive (only God is its subject)H5545
- נָשָׂאnasa to lift: raiseto lift, to bear away, as in bearing sinH5375
- כִּפֶּרkipher to atoneto atone, to cover, to make atonementH3722
- ἀφίημιaphiēmi to release: leaveto release, to let go, to forgiveG0863
- ἄφεσιςaphesis forgivenessrelease, forgivenessG0859
- ἱλάσκομαιhilaskomai to propitiateto be propitiated, to make atonementG2433
- ἱλασμόςhilasmos propitiationpropitiation, the atoning sacrificeG2434
- καταλλάσσωkatallassō to reconcileto reconcileG2644
- καταλλαγήkatallagē reconciliationreconciliationG2643
A curated starting list, not a complete one. Lexicon and tags from STEPBible.org (Tyndale House), CC BY 4.0.